prefect.server.orchestration.core_policy

Orchestration logic that fires on state transitions.

CoreFlowPolicy and CoreTaskPolicy contain all default orchestration rules that Prefect enforces on a state transition.

CoreFlowPolicy

Bases: BaseOrchestrationPolicy

Orchestration rules that run against flow-run-state transitions in priority order.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class CoreFlowPolicy(BaseOrchestrationPolicy):
    """
    Orchestration rules that run against flow-run-state transitions in priority order.
    """

    def priority():
        return [
            HandleFlowTerminalStateTransitions,
            EnforceCancellingToCancelledTransition,
            BypassCancellingScheduledFlowRuns,
            PreventPendingTransitions,
            HandlePausingFlows,
            HandleResumingPausedFlows,
            CopyScheduledTime,
            WaitForScheduledTime,
            RetryFailedFlows,
        ]

CoreTaskPolicy

Bases: BaseOrchestrationPolicy

Orchestration rules that run against task-run-state transitions in priority order.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class CoreTaskPolicy(BaseOrchestrationPolicy):
    """
    Orchestration rules that run against task-run-state transitions in priority order.
    """

    def priority():
        return [
            CacheRetrieval,
            HandleTaskTerminalStateTransitions,
            PreventRunningTasksFromStoppedFlows,
            SecureTaskConcurrencySlots,  # retrieve cached states even if slots are full
            CopyScheduledTime,
            WaitForScheduledTime,
            RetryFailedTasks,
            RenameReruns,
            UpdateFlowRunTrackerOnTasks,
            CacheInsertion,
            ReleaseTaskConcurrencySlots,
        ]

SecureTaskConcurrencySlots

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Checks relevant concurrency slots are available before entering a Running state.

This rule checks if concurrency limits have been set on the tags associated with a TaskRun. If so, a concurrency slot will be secured against each concurrency limit before being allowed to transition into a running state. If a concurrency limit has been reached, the client will be instructed to delay the transition for 30 seconds before trying again. If the concurrency limit set on a tag is 0, the transition will be aborted to prevent deadlocks.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class SecureTaskConcurrencySlots(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Checks relevant concurrency slots are available before entering a Running state.

    This rule checks if concurrency limits have been set on the tags associated with a
    TaskRun. If so, a concurrency slot will be secured against each concurrency limit
    before being allowed to transition into a running state. If a concurrency limit has
    been reached, the client will be instructed to delay the transition for 30 seconds
    before trying again. If the concurrency limit set on a tag is 0, the transition will
    be aborted to prevent deadlocks.
    """

    FROM_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES
    TO_STATES = [StateType.RUNNING]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        validated_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        self._applied_limits = []
        filtered_limits = (
            await concurrency_limits.filter_concurrency_limits_for_orchestration(
                context.session, tags=context.run.tags
            )
        )
        run_limits = {limit.tag: limit for limit in filtered_limits}
        for tag, cl in run_limits.items():
            limit = cl.concurrency_limit
            if limit == 0:
                # limits of 0 will deadlock, and the transition needs to abort
                for stale_tag in self._applied_limits:
                    stale_limit = run_limits.get(stale_tag, None)
                    active_slots = set(stale_limit.active_slots)
                    active_slots.discard(str(context.run.id))
                    stale_limit.active_slots = list(active_slots)

                await self.abort_transition(
                    reason=(
                        f'The concurrency limit on tag "{tag}" is 0 and will deadlock'
                        " if the task tries to run again."
                    ),
                )
            elif len(cl.active_slots) >= limit:
                # if the limit has already been reached, delay the transition
                for stale_tag in self._applied_limits:
                    stale_limit = run_limits.get(stale_tag, None)
                    active_slots = set(stale_limit.active_slots)
                    active_slots.discard(str(context.run.id))
                    stale_limit.active_slots = list(active_slots)

                await self.delay_transition(
                    30,
                    f"Concurrency limit for the {tag} tag has been reached",
                )
            else:
                # log the TaskRun ID to active_slots
                self._applied_limits.append(tag)
                active_slots = set(cl.active_slots)
                active_slots.add(str(context.run.id))
                cl.active_slots = list(active_slots)

    async def cleanup(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        validated_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: OrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        for tag in self._applied_limits:
            cl = await concurrency_limits.read_concurrency_limit_by_tag(
                context.session, tag
            )
            active_slots = set(cl.active_slots)
            active_slots.discard(str(context.run.id))
            cl.active_slots = list(active_slots)

ReleaseTaskConcurrencySlots

Bases: BaseUniversalTransform

Releases any concurrency slots held by a run upon exiting a Running or Cancelling state.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class ReleaseTaskConcurrencySlots(BaseUniversalTransform):
    """
    Releases any concurrency slots held by a run upon exiting a Running or
    Cancelling state.
    """

    async def after_transition(
        self,
        context: OrchestrationContext,
    ):
        if self.nullified_transition():
            return

        if context.validated_state and context.validated_state.type not in [
            states.StateType.RUNNING,
            states.StateType.CANCELLING,
        ]:
            filtered_limits = (
                await concurrency_limits.filter_concurrency_limits_for_orchestration(
                    context.session, tags=context.run.tags
                )
            )
            run_limits = {limit.tag: limit for limit in filtered_limits}
            for tag, cl in run_limits.items():
                active_slots = set(cl.active_slots)
                active_slots.discard(str(context.run.id))
                cl.active_slots = list(active_slots)

CacheInsertion

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Caches completed states with cache keys after they are validated.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class CacheInsertion(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Caches completed states with cache keys after they are validated.
    """

    FROM_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES
    TO_STATES = [StateType.COMPLETED]

    @inject_db
    async def after_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        validated_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
        db: PrefectDBInterface,
    ) -> None:
        if not validated_state or not context.session:
            return

        cache_key = validated_state.state_details.cache_key
        if cache_key:
            new_cache_item = db.TaskRunStateCache(
                cache_key=cache_key,
                cache_expiration=validated_state.state_details.cache_expiration,
                task_run_state_id=validated_state.id,
            )
            context.session.add(new_cache_item)

CacheRetrieval

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Rejects running states if a completed state has been cached.

This rule rejects transitions into a running state with a cache key if the key has already been associated with a completed state in the cache table. The client will be instructed to transition into the cached completed state instead.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class CacheRetrieval(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Rejects running states if a completed state has been cached.

    This rule rejects transitions into a running state with a cache key if the key
    has already been associated with a completed state in the cache table. The client
    will be instructed to transition into the cached completed state instead.
    """

    FROM_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES
    TO_STATES = [StateType.RUNNING]

    @inject_db
    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
        db: PrefectDBInterface,
    ) -> None:
        cache_key = proposed_state.state_details.cache_key
        if cache_key and not proposed_state.state_details.refresh_cache:
            # Check for cached states matching the cache key
            cached_state_id = (
                select(db.TaskRunStateCache.task_run_state_id)
                .where(
                    sa.and_(
                        db.TaskRunStateCache.cache_key == cache_key,
                        sa.or_(
                            db.TaskRunStateCache.cache_expiration.is_(None),
                            db.TaskRunStateCache.cache_expiration > pendulum.now("utc"),
                        ),
                    ),
                )
                .order_by(db.TaskRunStateCache.created.desc())
                .limit(1)
            ).scalar_subquery()
            query = select(db.TaskRunState).where(db.TaskRunState.id == cached_state_id)
            cached_state = (await context.session.execute(query)).scalar()
            if cached_state:
                new_state = cached_state.as_state().copy(reset_fields=True)
                new_state.name = "Cached"
                await self.reject_transition(
                    state=new_state, reason="Retrieved state from cache"
                )

RetryFailedFlows

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Rejects failed states and schedules a retry if the retry limit has not been reached.

This rule rejects transitions into a failed state if retries has been set and the run count has not reached the specified limit. The client will be instructed to transition into a scheduled state to retry flow execution.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class RetryFailedFlows(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Rejects failed states and schedules a retry if the retry limit has not been reached.

    This rule rejects transitions into a failed state if `retries` has been
    set and the run count has not reached the specified limit. The client will be
    instructed to transition into a scheduled state to retry flow execution.
    """

    FROM_STATES = [StateType.RUNNING]
    TO_STATES = [StateType.FAILED]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: FlowOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        run_settings = context.run_settings
        run_count = context.run.run_count

        if run_settings.retries is None or run_count > run_settings.retries:
            return  # Retry count exceeded, allow transition to failed

        scheduled_start_time = pendulum.now("UTC").add(
            seconds=run_settings.retry_delay or 0
        )

        # support old-style flow run retries for older clients
        # older flow retries require us to loop over failed tasks to update their state
        # this is not required after API version 0.8.3
        api_version = context.parameters.get("api-version", None)
        if api_version and api_version < Version("0.8.3"):
            failed_task_runs = await models.task_runs.read_task_runs(
                context.session,
                flow_run_filter=filters.FlowRunFilter(id={"any_": [context.run.id]}),
                task_run_filter=filters.TaskRunFilter(
                    state={"type": {"any_": ["FAILED"]}}
                ),
            )
            for run in failed_task_runs:
                await models.task_runs.set_task_run_state(
                    context.session,
                    run.id,
                    state=states.AwaitingRetry(scheduled_time=scheduled_start_time),
                    force=True,
                )
                # Reset the run count so that the task run retries still work correctly
                run.run_count = 0

        # Reset pause metadata on retry
        # Pauses as a concept only exist after API version 0.8.4
        api_version = context.parameters.get("api-version", None)
        if api_version is None or api_version >= Version("0.8.4"):
            updated_policy = context.run.empirical_policy.dict()
            updated_policy["resuming"] = False
            updated_policy["pause_keys"] = set()
            context.run.empirical_policy = core.FlowRunPolicy(**updated_policy)

        # Generate a new state for the flow
        retry_state = states.AwaitingRetry(
            scheduled_time=scheduled_start_time,
            message=proposed_state.message,
            data=proposed_state.data,
        )
        await self.reject_transition(state=retry_state, reason="Retrying")

RetryFailedTasks

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Rejects failed states and schedules a retry if the retry limit has not been reached.

This rule rejects transitions into a failed state if retries has been set and the run count has not reached the specified limit. The client will be instructed to transition into a scheduled state to retry task execution.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class RetryFailedTasks(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Rejects failed states and schedules a retry if the retry limit has not been reached.

    This rule rejects transitions into a failed state if `retries` has been
    set and the run count has not reached the specified limit. The client will be
    instructed to transition into a scheduled state to retry task execution.
    """

    FROM_STATES = [StateType.RUNNING]
    TO_STATES = [StateType.FAILED]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        run_settings = context.run_settings
        run_count = context.run.run_count
        delay = run_settings.retry_delay

        if isinstance(delay, list):
            base_delay = delay[min(run_count - 1, len(delay) - 1)]
        else:
            base_delay = run_settings.retry_delay or 0

        # guard against negative relative jitter inputs
        if run_settings.retry_jitter_factor:
            delay = clamped_poisson_interval(
                base_delay, clamping_factor=run_settings.retry_jitter_factor
            )
        else:
            delay = base_delay

        if run_settings.retries is not None and run_count <= run_settings.retries:
            retry_state = states.AwaitingRetry(
                scheduled_time=pendulum.now("UTC").add(seconds=delay),
                message=proposed_state.message,
                data=proposed_state.data,
            )
            await self.reject_transition(state=retry_state, reason="Retrying")

RenameReruns

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Name the states if they have run more than once.

In the special case where the initial state is an "AwaitingRetry" scheduled state, the proposed state will be renamed to "Retrying" instead.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class RenameReruns(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Name the states if they have run more than once.

    In the special case where the initial state is an "AwaitingRetry" scheduled state,
    the proposed state will be renamed to "Retrying" instead.
    """

    FROM_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES
    TO_STATES = [StateType.RUNNING]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        run_count = context.run.run_count
        if run_count > 0:
            if initial_state.name == "AwaitingRetry":
                await self.rename_state("Retrying")
            else:
                await self.rename_state("Rerunning")

CopyScheduledTime

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Ensures scheduled time is copied from scheduled states to pending states.

If a new scheduled time has been proposed on the pending state, the scheduled time on the scheduled state will be ignored.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class CopyScheduledTime(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Ensures scheduled time is copied from scheduled states to pending states.

    If a new scheduled time has been proposed on the pending state, the scheduled time
    on the scheduled state will be ignored.
    """

    FROM_STATES = [StateType.SCHEDULED]
    TO_STATES = [StateType.PENDING]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: OrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        if not proposed_state.state_details.scheduled_time:
            proposed_state.state_details.scheduled_time = (
                initial_state.state_details.scheduled_time
            )

WaitForScheduledTime

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Prevents transitions to running states from happening to early.

This rule enforces that all scheduled states will only start with the machine clock used by the Prefect REST API instance. This rule will identify transitions from scheduled states that are too early and nullify them. Instead, no state will be written to the database and the client will be sent an instruction to wait for delay_seconds before attempting the transition again.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class WaitForScheduledTime(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Prevents transitions to running states from happening to early.

    This rule enforces that all scheduled states will only start with the machine clock
    used by the Prefect REST API instance. This rule will identify transitions from scheduled
    states that are too early and nullify them. Instead, no state will be written to the
    database and the client will be sent an instruction to wait for `delay_seconds`
    before attempting the transition again.
    """

    FROM_STATES = [StateType.SCHEDULED, StateType.PENDING]
    TO_STATES = [StateType.RUNNING]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: OrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        scheduled_time = initial_state.state_details.scheduled_time
        if not scheduled_time:
            return

        # At this moment, we round delay to the nearest second as the API schema
        # specifies an integer return value.
        delay = scheduled_time - pendulum.now("UTC")
        delay_seconds = delay.in_seconds()
        delay_seconds += round(delay.microseconds / 1e6)
        if delay_seconds > 0:
            await self.delay_transition(
                delay_seconds, reason="Scheduled time is in the future"
            )

HandlePausingFlows

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Governs runs attempting to enter a Paused state

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class HandlePausingFlows(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Governs runs attempting to enter a Paused state
    """

    FROM_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES
    TO_STATES = [StateType.PAUSED]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        if initial_state is None:
            await self.abort_transition("Cannot pause flows with no state.")
            return

        if not initial_state.is_running():
            await self.reject_transition(
                state=None, reason="Cannot pause flows that are not currently running."
            )
            return

        self.key = proposed_state.state_details.pause_key
        if self.key is None:
            # if no pause key is provided, default to a UUID
            self.key = str(uuid4())

        if self.key in context.run.empirical_policy.pause_keys:
            await self.reject_transition(
                state=None, reason="This pause has already fired."
            )
            return

        if proposed_state.state_details.pause_reschedule:
            if context.run.parent_task_run_id:
                await self.abort_transition(
                    reason="Cannot pause subflows with the reschedule option.",
                )
                return

            if context.run.deployment_id is None:
                await self.abort_transition(
                    reason=(
                        "Cannot pause flows without a deployment with the reschedule"
                        " option."
                    ),
                )
                return

    async def after_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        validated_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        updated_policy = context.run.empirical_policy.dict()
        updated_policy["pause_keys"].add(self.key)
        context.run.empirical_policy = core.FlowRunPolicy(**updated_policy)

HandleResumingPausedFlows

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Governs runs attempting to leave a Paused state

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class HandleResumingPausedFlows(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Governs runs attempting to leave a Paused state
    """

    FROM_STATES = [StateType.PAUSED]
    TO_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        if not (
            proposed_state.is_running()
            or proposed_state.is_scheduled()
            or proposed_state.is_final()
        ):
            await self.reject_transition(
                state=None,
                reason=(
                    f"This run cannot transition to the {proposed_state.type} state"
                    f" from the {initial_state.type} state."
                ),
            )
            return

        if initial_state.state_details.pause_reschedule:
            if not context.run.deployment_id:
                await self.reject_transition(
                    state=None,
                    reason="Cannot reschedule a paused flow run without a deployment.",
                )
                return
        pause_timeout = initial_state.state_details.pause_timeout
        if pause_timeout and pause_timeout < pendulum.now("UTC"):
            pause_timeout_failure = states.Failed(
                message="The flow was paused and never resumed.",
            )
            await self.reject_transition(
                state=pause_timeout_failure,
                reason="The flow run pause has timed out and can no longer resume.",
            )
            return

    async def after_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        validated_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        updated_policy = context.run.empirical_policy.dict()
        updated_policy["resuming"] = True
        context.run.empirical_policy = core.FlowRunPolicy(**updated_policy)

UpdateFlowRunTrackerOnTasks

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Tracks the flow run attempt a task run state is associated with.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class UpdateFlowRunTrackerOnTasks(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Tracks the flow run attempt a task run state is associated with.
    """

    FROM_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES
    TO_STATES = [StateType.RUNNING]

    async def after_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        validated_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        self.flow_run = await context.flow_run()
        if self.flow_run:
            context.run.flow_run_run_count = self.flow_run.run_count
        else:
            raise ObjectNotFoundError(
                (
                    "Unable to read flow run associated with task run:"
                    f" {context.run.id}, this flow run might have been deleted"
                ),
            )

HandleTaskTerminalStateTransitions

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

We do not allow tasks to leave terminal states if: - The task is completed and has a persisted result - The task is going to CANCELLING / PAUSED / CRASHED

We reset the run count when a task leaves a terminal state for a non-terminal state which resets task run retries; this is particularly relevant for flow run retries.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class HandleTaskTerminalStateTransitions(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    We do not allow tasks to leave terminal states if:
    - The task is completed and has a persisted result
    - The task is going to CANCELLING / PAUSED / CRASHED

    We reset the run count when a task leaves a terminal state for a non-terminal state
    which resets task run retries; this is particularly relevant for flow run retries.
    """

    FROM_STATES = TERMINAL_STATES
    TO_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        self.original_run_count = context.run.run_count

        # Do not allow runs to be marked as crashed, paused, or cancelling if already terminal
        if proposed_state.type in {
            StateType.CANCELLING,
            StateType.PAUSED,
            StateType.CRASHED,
        }:
            await self.abort_transition(f"Run is already {initial_state.type.value}.")
            return

        # Only allow departure from a happily completed state if the result is not persisted
        if (
            initial_state.is_completed()
            and initial_state.data
            and initial_state.data.get("type") != "unpersisted"
        ):
            await self.reject_transition(None, "This run is already completed.")
            return

        if not proposed_state.is_final():
            # Reset run count to reset retries
            context.run.run_count = 0

        # Change the name of the state to retrying if its a flow run retry
        if proposed_state.is_running():
            self.flow_run = await context.flow_run()
            flow_retrying = context.run.flow_run_run_count < self.flow_run.run_count
            if flow_retrying:
                await self.rename_state("Retrying")

    async def cleanup(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        validated_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: OrchestrationContext,
    ):
        # reset run count
        context.run.run_count = self.original_run_count

HandleFlowTerminalStateTransitions

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

We do not allow flows to leave terminal states if: - The flow is completed and has a persisted result - The flow is going to CANCELLING / PAUSED / CRASHED - The flow is going to scheduled and has no deployment

We reset the pause metadata when a flow leaves a terminal state for a non-terminal state. This resets pause behavior during manual flow run retries.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class HandleFlowTerminalStateTransitions(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    We do not allow flows to leave terminal states if:
    - The flow is completed and has a persisted result
    - The flow is going to CANCELLING / PAUSED / CRASHED
    - The flow is going to scheduled and has no deployment

    We reset the pause metadata when a flow leaves a terminal state for a non-terminal
    state. This resets pause behavior during manual flow run retries.
    """

    FROM_STATES = TERMINAL_STATES
    TO_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: FlowOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        self.original_flow_policy = context.run.empirical_policy.dict()

        # Do not allow runs to be marked as crashed, paused, or cancelling if already terminal
        if proposed_state.type in {
            StateType.CANCELLING,
            StateType.PAUSED,
            StateType.CRASHED,
        }:
            await self.abort_transition(
                f"Run is already in terminal state {initial_state.type.value}."
            )
            return

        # Only allow departure from a happily completed state if the result is not
        # persisted and the a rerun is being proposed
        if (
            initial_state.is_completed()
            and not proposed_state.is_final()
            and initial_state.data
            and initial_state.data.get("type") != "unpersisted"
        ):
            await self.reject_transition(None, "Run is already COMPLETED.")
            return

        # Do not allows runs to be rescheduled without a deployment
        if proposed_state.is_scheduled() and not context.run.deployment_id:
            await self.abort_transition(
                "Cannot reschedule a run without an associated deployment."
            )
            return

        if not proposed_state.is_final():
            # Reset pause metadata when leaving a terminal state
            api_version = context.parameters.get("api-version", None)
            if api_version is None or api_version >= Version("0.8.4"):
                updated_policy = context.run.empirical_policy.dict()
                updated_policy["resuming"] = False
                updated_policy["pause_keys"] = set()
                context.run.empirical_policy = core.FlowRunPolicy(**updated_policy)

    async def cleanup(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        validated_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: OrchestrationContext,
    ):
        context.run.empirical_policy = core.FlowRunPolicy(**self.original_flow_policy)

PreventPendingTransitions

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Prevents transitions to PENDING.

This rule is only used for flow runs.

This is intended to prevent race conditions during duplicate submissions of runs. Before a run is submitted to its execution environment, it should be placed in a PENDING state. If two workers attempt to submit the same run, one of them should encounter a PENDING -> PENDING transition and abort orchestration of the run.

Similarly, if the execution environment starts quickly the run may be in a RUNNING state when the second worker attempts the PENDING transition. We deny these state changes as well to prevent duplicate submission. If a run has transitioned to a RUNNING state a worker should not attempt to submit it again unless it has moved into a terminal state.

CANCELLING and CANCELLED runs should not be allowed to transition to PENDING. For re-runs of deployed runs, they should transition to SCHEDULED first. For re-runs of ad-hoc runs, they should transition directly to RUNNING.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class PreventPendingTransitions(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Prevents transitions to PENDING.

    This rule is only used for flow runs.

    This is intended to prevent race conditions during duplicate submissions of runs.
    Before a run is submitted to its execution environment, it should be placed in a
    PENDING state. If two workers attempt to submit the same run, one of them should
    encounter a PENDING -> PENDING transition and abort orchestration of the run.

    Similarly, if the execution environment starts quickly the run may be in a RUNNING
    state when the second worker attempts the PENDING transition. We deny these state
    changes as well to prevent duplicate submission. If a run has transitioned to a
    RUNNING state a worker should not attempt to submit it again unless it has moved
    into a terminal state.

    CANCELLING and CANCELLED runs should not be allowed to transition to PENDING.
    For re-runs of deployed runs, they should transition to SCHEDULED first.
    For re-runs of ad-hoc runs, they should transition directly to RUNNING.
    """

    FROM_STATES = [
        StateType.PENDING,
        StateType.CANCELLING,
        StateType.RUNNING,
        StateType.CANCELLED,
    ]
    TO_STATES = [StateType.PENDING]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: OrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        await self.abort_transition(
            reason=(
                f"This run is in a {initial_state.type.name} state and cannot"
                " transition to a PENDING state."
            )
        )

PreventRunningTasksFromStoppedFlows

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Prevents running tasks from stopped flows.

A running state implies execution, but also the converse. This rule ensures that a flow's tasks cannot be run unless the flow is also running.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class PreventRunningTasksFromStoppedFlows(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Prevents running tasks from stopped flows.

    A running state implies execution, but also the converse. This rule ensures that a
    flow's tasks cannot be run unless the flow is also running.
    """

    FROM_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES
    TO_STATES = [StateType.RUNNING]

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        flow_run = await context.flow_run()
        if flow_run.state is None:
            await self.abort_transition(
                reason="The enclosing flow must be running to begin task execution."
            )
        elif flow_run.state.type == StateType.PAUSED:
            await self.reject_transition(
                state=states.Paused(name="NotReady"),
                reason=(
                    "The flow is paused, new tasks can execute after resuming flow"
                    f" run: {flow_run.id}."
                ),
            )
        elif not flow_run.state.type == StateType.RUNNING:
            # task runners should abort task run execution
            await self.abort_transition(
                reason="The enclosing flow must be running to begin task execution.",
            )

EnforceCancellingToCancelledTransition

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Rejects transitions from Cancelling to any terminal state except for Cancelled.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class EnforceCancellingToCancelledTransition(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """
    Rejects transitions from Cancelling to any terminal state except for Cancelled.
    """

    FROM_STATES = {StateType.CANCELLED, StateType.CANCELLING}
    TO_STATES = ALL_ORCHESTRATION_STATES - {StateType.CANCELLED}

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: TaskOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        await self.reject_transition(
            state=None,
            reason=(
                "Cannot transition flows that are cancelling to a state other "
                "than Cancelled."
            ),
        )
        return

BypassCancellingScheduledFlowRuns

Bases: BaseOrchestrationRule

Rejects transitions from Scheduled to Cancelling, and instead sets the state to Cancelled, if the flow run has no associated infrastructure process ID.

The Cancelling state is used to clean up infrastructure. If there is not infrastructure to clean up, we can transition directly to Cancelled. Runs that are AwaitingRetry are a Scheduled state that may have associated infrastructure.

Source code in /home/runner/work/docs/docs/prefect_source/src/prefect/server/orchestration/core_policy.py

class BypassCancellingScheduledFlowRuns(BaseOrchestrationRule):
    """Rejects transitions from Scheduled to Cancelling, and instead sets the state to Cancelled,
    if the flow run has no associated infrastructure process ID.

    The `Cancelling` state is used to clean up infrastructure. If there is not infrastructure
    to clean up, we can transition directly to `Cancelled`. Runs that are `AwaitingRetry` are
    a `Scheduled` state that may have associated infrastructure.
    """

    FROM_STATES = {StateType.SCHEDULED}
    TO_STATES = {StateType.CANCELLING}

    async def before_transition(
        self,
        initial_state: Optional[states.State],
        proposed_state: Optional[states.State],
        context: FlowOrchestrationContext,
    ) -> None:
        if not context.run.infrastructure_pid:
            await self.reject_transition(
                state=states.Cancelled(),
                reason="Scheduled flow run has no infrastructure to terminate.",
            )